From: chuck@chuckstr89134.com
Sent: Monday, July 30, 2007 8:43 AM
To: Charles Strickland
Subject: #054 Consolidated Vista Notes
Newsletter

 

Hi Folks,

Here is the latest consolidation of the Vista notes I have collected from various newsletters.  It is lengthy, but there is a lot of good stuff in here. Enjoy.

Here is the Lockergnome guide on Installing Vista:

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part I)

You can perform two different types of installations depending on what you want to achieve and on the existing configuration of your computer. For example, if you do not want to lose any of your customized settings, then you probably will not want to perform a clean installation of Windows. On the other hand, if you want to return your computer to its original pristine condition, you should opt for a clean install of Windows. The two types of Windows installations include:

  • Upgrade
  • Clean Install

Upgrade
If your system is currently running Windows, you can perform an upgrade to Vista. You can upgrade from any of the following operating systems:

  • Windows XP Home to any version of Vista
  • Windows XP Professional to Vista Business or Ultimate editions
  • Windows XP Media Center to Vista Home Premium or Ultimate editions
  • Windows XP Tablet PC to Vista Business or Ultimate editions

Note: If you are running Windows 2000, you must perform a clean install of Vista.

The easiest way to find out if your computer can run Vista is to run the Vista Upgrade Advisor. After scanning your computer, the tool presents a report that identifies any issues and how to resolve before upgrading. It also helps you choose which version of Vista to install.

Clean Installation
The second type of installation that you can perform is a clean install. When you perform a clean install, you start over right from scratch. You have to reinstall your applications and restore your data after the setup of Vista is complete.

The main advantage to performing a clean install is that it cleans up your computer by getting rid of all the old files and programs that you no longer use and it gets rid of problems you may have been experiencing under the old setup. In other words, it returns your computer to pristine condition. Generally, performing a clean install results in a more reliable computer.

Aside from the amount of time that it takes, the main disadvantage to this installation type is that you have to reinstall applications and restore any data.

The next installment of this article will look more closely at performing a clean installation of Vista.

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part II)

You should complete some pre-installation steps before jumping into the Vista setup. One of the most important pre-installation steps is for you to verify that the hardware in your computer is compatible with Vista and that it meets the minimum hardware requirements. As I mentioned in Part I of this series, you can easily do this by running the Vista Upgrade Advisor. The results will tell you if any hardware does not meet the requirements to run Vista.

Vendors design their operating systems to run on a minimum set of hardware requirements to ensure adequate performance. Not meeting these requirements often results in a failed installation or at least poor performance.

The minimum hardware requirements for Vista include:

Vista Home Basic

  • 800-megahertz (MHz) 32-bit (x86) processor or 800-MHz 64-bit (x64) processor
  • 512 megabytes (MB) of system memory
  • DirectX 9-class graphics card
  • 32 MB of graphics memory
  • 20-gigabyte (GB) hard disk that has 15 GB of free hard disk space
  • Internal or external DVD drive
  • Internet access capability
  • Audio output capability

Vista Home Premium, Vista Business, Vista Enterprise, and Vista Ultimate

  • 1-gigahertz (GHz) 32-bit (x86) processor or 1-GHz 64-bit (x64) processor
  • 1 GB of system memory
  • Windows Aero-capable graphics card
  • 128 MB of graphics memory (minimum)
  • 40-GB hard disk that has 15 GB of free hard disk space
  • Internal or external DVD drive
  • Internet access capability
  • Audio output capability

Note: A Windows Aero-capable graphics card is a graphics card that meets the following requirements:

  • Supports a Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) driver
  • Has a DirectX 9-class graphics processor unit (GPU) that supports Pixel Shader 2.0
  • Supports 32 bits per pixel
  • Passes the Windows Aero acceptance test in the Windows Driver Kit (WDK)

Keep in mind when you are choosing hardware that these are the bare minimum requirements to run the operating system and does not take into account any network services or applications that may be running on the computer. Plan to increase these requirements for optimal performance.

Microsoft has also published the Vista Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) which is a list of products that work with Vista. If your hardware is not present on the list it does not necessarily mean you cannot proceed with the installation but you should verify with the hardware manufacturer that the component is Vista ready.

In the next installment of this series, I will continue looking at some of the important pre-installation tasks that you need to perform before installing Vista.

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part III)

If you have ever taken a vacation, you can appreciate how smoothly things go when the trip is pre-planned, meaning tickets are booked, hotel accommodations are reserved and sightseeing trips organized. For those of you who prefer to fly by the seat of your pants, I am sure you have run into problems (that are avoidable with some pre-planning).

Installing an operating system is in some ways similar. Before rushing into the installation, you should take a bit of time to plan the process and complete some of the pre-installation tasks. This ensures that the installation process goes more smoothly.

One of the things you should do before installing any operating system is to assemble all the additional software that you might need. Aside from a copy of the operating system, you should consider obtaining the following software components so they are on hand after the installation:

  • Latest service pack (although not applicable to Vista at this time)
  • Important drivers
  • Operating system accessories
  • Essential applications

Service Packs
When a vendor releases an operating system, users quickly find all the problems and issues. While each individual bug can be resolved through a software patch, a service pack will usually include all the fixes for the issues identified since the release of the operating system. Service packs can also include other components such as security fixes.

Microsoft releases service packs for its operating systems to distribute updates for an operating system to its customers. Users can visit the vendor's Web site to download the service pack for installation or order the service pack on CD-ROM.

The purpose behind service packs is to fix known issues with an operating system, keep the product up-to-date, as well as introduce new features. Service packs can include any of the following:

  • Updates to the operating system
  • New administrative tools
  • Drivers
  • Additional components

It is common for vendors to release multiple service packs over time for a single operating system. Usually the service packs are cumulative so any new service packs will contain the fixes within a previous one along with additional updates.

Most people choose to install the latest service packs on their computers. It is an important step in maintaining a secure computer. You can download service packs from the Windows Updates Web site or you can use Automatic Updates to automatically download and install it for you.

Gathering Important Drivers
It is generally easier if all the latest drivers for your hardware are readily available. If your hardware components are older than Vista, the drivers may already be included with the operating system. However, it is best not to take a chance so you should have the CD that came with the device on hand in case you need the drivers.

Manufacturers frequently update drivers for their hardware components. Even if you have the drivers that came with the device, it does not hurt to visit the manufacturer's Web site to see if a newer version is available. Important drivers may include:

  • Motherboard chipset
  • Network adapter
  • Audio
  • Video
  • USB 2.0
  • FireWire
  • Modem

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part IV)

A clean installation of Vista may not include all the available operating system accessories. Vendors often make some accessories available as a separate or optional download. Your pre-installation tasks should include downloading any optional accessories you want to install so they are readily available after the setup of Vista.

Essential Application
After performing a clean installation of Vista, you need to reinstall all your applications. You need to determine which applications are essential and assemble the software so you can readily install them when completing post installation tasks.

Essential applications vary depending on the hardware in a computer and the tasks you want to perform. If you plan to do word processing, Microsoft Office may be an essential application. Conversely, if you plan to use your computer for digital imaging, photo-editing software may be top on your list.

Typically, essential applications will include:

  • AntiVirus/Spyware software
  • CD/DVD burning software
  • DVD player applications
  • Office suite
  • Digital photo-editing software

If you plan to install any older applications, you should also visit the vendor's Web site to verify that the software is compatible with Vista.

Now that you are familiar with some pre-installation tasks, you are ready to move on to installing Vista.

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part V)

The easiest way to start a new installation of Vista is to insert the CD into your CD-ROM drive and restart your computer. When prompted, press any key to boot from the CD (this is of course assuming that your computer is capable of booting from a CD-ROM). The setup process immediately begins and you can follow the steps described below.

  1. Setup will start loading the files.
  2. Select your language, time, currency and keyboard language settings.
  3. Click Install Now when prompted.
  4. Enter the product key (this should be located on the DVD case). If you skip this step, you must provide the information within 30 days.
  5. Accept the license agreement to continue.
  6. Select the Custom installation option.
  7. Choose the partition you want to install Vista on. Click Drive Options Advanced if you want to re-partition, format your hard disk or load RAID and SATA controller drivers.
  8. Setup will copy the necessary files. Your computer may restart several times during this process. Continue with the steps below after Vista boots for the first time.
  9. Choose your Country or Region and keyboard layout settings
  10. Create a user name and password.
  11. Type in a name for the computer and choose a background for your desktop.
  12. Select your Automatic Update settings.
  13. Review the time and date settings.
  14. Select your network location, such as Public Location.
  15. Click Start. At this point, the setup of Vista is complete.

If you did not provide a product key during setup, activation can be delayed for up to 30 days during which you will receive periodic reminders that the product still needs to be activated. However, after 30 days Vista will force you to activate in order to gain access to the desktop.

With the installation of Vista complete, you can start working on the post-installation tasks. These steps might include customizing the operating system, installing service packs and hot fixes, updating drivers and installing applications.

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part VI)

Even though Vista includes drivers for many hardware devices, there is always the chance that one of your devices might not be recognized. In such cases, you have to manually install the drivers after setup.

Most devices come with a CD or floppy disk containing drivers. For optimal performance, I recommend using the drivers included with the device or visit the manufacturer's Web site to obtain the very latest driver version. Some drivers may also be available through Windows Update.

You can use Device Manager to install or update drivers for devices. Device Manager remains unchanged from previous versions of Windows. It provides a graphical view of the hardware that is currently installed on your computer. It also lists the device drivers and resources associated with each device.

The installation of device drivers may vary between manufacturers. Typically, if the device is Plug and Play, plug the device into your computer and the driver should be installed automatically. You can also use the Add Hardware wizard to install devices.

The following steps outline how to use Device Manager to install updated drivers:

  1. From the Device Manager, double-click the type of device you want to update or change.
  2. Click the Driver tab.
  3. Click Update Driver to open the Hardware Update Wizard.
  4. Accept the default option, Install the Software Automatically. Choose the Install from a List or Specific Location option if you have the updated driver so you can indicate the file location. Click Next.
  5. Windows searches for an updated driver and instructs you if it found an updated driver.
  6. Install the updated driver and click Finish.

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part VII)

One of the most important measures you can take to prevent viruses from infecting your computer is to install anti-virus software. Anti-virus software is a program designed specifically to detect and remove viruses, making it an essential application to install. Once you install anti-virus software, it scans your computer and cleans any viruses it finds.

Since Vista does not include anti-virus software, you need to purchase your own. Some of the more popular anti-virus software programs are listed below.

  • Trend Micro
  • McAfee
  • F-secure
  • Symantec
  • Computer Associates
  • Panda Software

Note: Before purchasing anti-virus software, make sure that it is supported by Vista.

Since new viruses are constantly being created, the makers of anti-virus software have to constantly update their database with new fixes for detecting and removing them. So installing anti-virus software does not necessarily mean your system is secure. You have to make sure you update the signature files for the anti-virus software so it can detect and remove new viruses. Generally you can update the signature files over the Internet.
Signature files contain the latest virus updates. Therefore its important to keep the signature files up-to-date. This can be done by downloading the latest files from the vendor's Web site. Not keeping the signature files up-to-date defeats the purpose of installing anti-virus software as your computer will not be protected against the latest viruses.

Spyware is almost as undesirable as viruses because it can monitor our actions on the Internet. Some companies have been known to use spyware to gather data about customers. Even though it is not illegal, the spyware running on your computer may be tracking and sending data from your computer to another server on the Internet.

Vista includes its own spyware protection. Windows Defender is a spyware scanning application that looks for potential threats and shuts them down and alerts you when applications engage in suspicious activities. It is enabled by default and requires little to no configuration. You can verify that it is enabled through the Security Center within the Control Panel.

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part VIII)

Ensure a Firewall is Running Before Going Online! Connecting to the Internet has many advantages. However, it also exposes your computer to the possibility of intrusion and virus attacks. One of the major downfalls of the Internet is that there are people who dedicate their time to looking for ways to attack other unsuspecting users.

One of the ways that you can protect your computer against Internet attacks is to implement a firewall solution between the Internet and your computer and private network. This is becoming more and more important as people store personal information on their computers such as bank account numbers, credit card data, tax information, and so on. Not implementing a firewall makes this information accessible to attackers.
A firewall closes the door to your local computer and private network so intruders cannot get in, but you can still get out.

If you are looking for a fast, easy firewall solution, you can take advantage of the firewall component included with Vista. The Windows Firewall lets you to secure your local computer and network by preventing unsolicited traffic from the Internet.

A firewall solution can be a challenge to implement, especially for a user with limited experience. Windows Firewall provides a simple method of protecting your network and requires little to no configuration. You can use it to secure a single computer with an Internet connection or to secure a small network of computers.

So how does the Windows Firewall protect your computer? The firewall inspects each packet that is destined for the private network. It maintains a table to determine which incoming traffic was initiated on the local network, for example, a user on the private network accessing an FTP server on the Internet. Any incoming traffic resulting from this request would be allowed through the firewall. If an inbound request was not initiated by the local computer or a computer on the private network, it is not allowed through the firewall.

The Windows Firewall is enabled by default in Vista. You can use the Security Center within the Control Panel to verify the settings. More advanced users can choose to work with Windows Firewall with Advanced Security found within the Administrative Tools.

You can test the integrity of your firewall to determine if any weaknesses exist. Doing so is not difficult because many Web sites will put your computer's defense system to the test. For free too! There are several trusted Web sites you can visit that offer free tools for scanning your computer to detect any existing security weaknesses. For example, www.grc.com or the Symantec Security Check available from the Symantec Web site (www.symantec.com). In any case, once you have your firewall enabled, don't assume you are safe and clear from Internet attacks. You may be surprised to see the results of a security check and all the holes that may still exist.

In the final installment of this series, I will talk about the installation of some common applications.

Introduction To Installing Vista (Part IX)

Most new computers come with CD/DVD burning devices. When you purchase a computer that has a burner with it, it should include the software you need to use it. If it is not installed, proceed with the manufacturer's instructions.

Vista has built-in CD burning software. Since it is limited in functionality, many people choose to purchase third party CD burning software such as Nero. In such instances, you can disable this functionality in Vista.

You can do so using the steps outlined below:

1.    Click Start, point to All Programs, point to Accessories, and click Windows Explorer.

2.    Right click your CD burner within Windows Explorer and click Properties.

3.    From the Properties window, select the Recording tab.

4.    Clear the check box beside the option to Enable CD recording on this drive.

5.    Click OK.

DVD Player Application
One piece of software that Vista does not ship with is DVD player application. You can view some video files in Windows Media Player but if you want to watch a DVD on your computer, you need third party software. When you purchase a computer with a DVD player, software should already be installed. If not, follow the manufacturer's instructions for the installing the software.

Office Suite
After performing a clean installation of Vista, there will be no Microsoft Office software installed. Most people want some type of office suite installed. If you plan to install an existing version of Microsoft Office, verify that it is supported on Vista.

The following Microsoft Office versions are support:

  • Microsoft Office XP
  • Microsoft Office 2003
  • Microsoft Office 2007

To install a version of Microsoft Office you need the CD, a valid product key and access to a CD-ROM drive. The CD drive can be local or a shared CD-ROM drive on a network. The installation processes various slightly between Office versions.

If you have the CD readily available, insert it into the CD-ROM drive. If the autoplay feature is enabled, the installation wizard automatically appears to walk you through the rest of process.

==============================================

And of course the guide on upgrading to Vista:

Upgrading To Vista (Part I)

You have decided to upgrade to Vista. Before putting the DVD in and starting the upgrade, why not take a bit of time to plan the upgrade so it goes as smoothly as possible. This starts with determining if your current operating system supports an upgrade to Vista and if your system meets the hardware requirements.

If your system is currently running Windows, you might be able to upgrade directly to Vista. Vista supports the following upgrade paths:

  • XP Home to any version of Vista
  • XP Professional to Vista Business or Ultimate editions
  • XP Media Center to Vista Home Premium or Ultimate editions
  • XP Tablet PC to Vista Business or Ultimate editions

Note: If you are running Windows 2000, you must perform a clean install of Vista. There is no supported upgrade path.

The easiest way to find out if your computer can run Vista is to run the Vista Upgrade Advisor. After scanning your computer, the tool presents a report that identifies any issues and how to resolve them before upgrading. It also helps you choose which version of Vista to install.

Microsoft also publishes the Vista Hardware Compatibility List (HCL), which is a list of products that work with Vista. If your hardware is not present on the list it does not necessarily mean you cannot proceed with the installation but you should verify with the hardware manufacturer that the component is Vista ready.

Upgrading To Vista (Part II)

Most vendors design their operating systems to run on a minimum set of hardware requirements to ensure adequate performance. Ignoring these requirements can result in a failed installation. Verify that the hardware in your system meets the minimum hardware requirements before upgrading.

The minimum hardware requirements for Vista include:

Vista Home Basic

  • 800-megahertz (MHz) 32-bit (x86) processor or 800-MHz 64-bit (x64) processor
  • 512 megabytes (MB) of system memory
  • DirectX 9-class graphics card
  • 32 MB of graphics memory
  • 20-gigabyte (GB) hard disk that has 15 GB of free hard disk space
  • Internal or external DVD drive
  • Internet access capability
  • Audio output capability

Vista Home Premium, Vista Business, Vista Enterprise, and Vista Ultimate

  • 1-gigahertz (GHz) 32-bit (x86) processor or 1-GHz 64-bit (x64) processor
  • 1 GB of system memory
  • Windows Aero-capable graphics card
  • 128 MB of graphics memory (minimum)
  • 40-GB hard disk that has 15 GB of free hard disk space
  • Internal or external DVD drive
  • Internet access capability
  • Audio output capability

Keep in mind when you are choosing hardware that these are the minimum requirements to run the operating system. They do not take into account any network services or applications that may be running on the computer. Plan to increase these requirements for optimal performance.

Upgrading To Vista (Part III)

You also need to consider application compatibility before you upgrade to Vista. Some of the applications you use on your current may not function correctly, or at all, under Vista. The upgrade will not affect most new programs and applications. However, older ones may not function correctly under XP.

The easiest way to find out if your applications are compatible with Vista is to run the Vista Upgrade Advisor. This tool will determine if any of the applications currently installed on your system are incompatible with Vista. The Upgrade Advisor Report lists such applications and provides recommendations for resolving any issues.

You can install the Upgrade Advisor on all 32-bit editions of XP and all 32-bit editions of Vista (except for Enterprise edition). To install and run the Upgrade Advisor, you require:

  • Administrator privileges
  • .NET 2.0
  • MSXML6
  • 20 MB of free hard disk space
  • An internet connection

Note: If .Net 2.0 and MSXML6 are not installed, the Upgrade Advisor will alert you and provide a link to where they can be downloaded.

Once you have reached the Vista Upgrade Advisor Web page, click the Download button. When prompted, click the Save button. Once the download is complete, click the Run button and proceed with the steps below.

  1. When the Security Warning dialog box appears, click the Run button once again.
  2. Click Next to proceed with the installation.
  3. Accept the license agreement and click Next.
  4. Click Next to accept the default folder location for the installation.
  5. Click Next to confirm the installation.
  6. When the installation completes, click the Close button.

You have now completed the installation of the Vista Upgrade Advisor and you can begin scanning your computer to verify that it is Vista ready. In the next installment of this article, I provide more details about using the Vista Upgrade Advisor.

Upgrading To Vista (Part IV)

The Vista Upgrade Advisor is a valuable tool to both network administrators and home users. It lets you perform the following tasks prior to upgrading to Vista:

  1. Determine if you can install and run Vista.
  2. Determine the version of Vista that is best for you.
  3. Determine if your hardware and software is compatible.

In part three of this series, you installed the Vista Upgrade Advisor on your computer and now you are ready to scan your computer. With the Upgrade Advisor window open, start the scan by click the Start System Scan option.

While the tool scans your computer, it prompts you to select the features you plan to use. The Upgrade Advisor uses this information to guide you in choosing the version of Vista best suited for your needs. From the Feature Selection screen, place a check beside the features you are interested in using. The Upgrade Advisor will proceed to tell you which version it recommends you install.

Click Next to proceed with the next step - assessing your hardware. The Upgrade Advisor presents a message indicating that your hardware can or cannot run the core experiences of Vista. The rest of the screen contains the hardware report based on the features you selected and the version of Vista recommended.

After you review the hardware report, click Next to move onto the Software Assessment. Now the Upgrade Advisor looks at the programs, applications and drivers installed and whether you need to update any software to support Vista. As with the hardware assessment, the Upgrade Advisor presents a report indicating which software is not Vista ready and what actions are required.

Review the Software Assessment report and click Next. The Vista Upgrade Advisor is now complete. The final screen presents the options to print or save the final report. Click Close to exit.

You should now have a good indication as the whether any additional actions are required before upgrading to Vista.

Upgrading To Vista (Part V)

Assuming that you have completed all the necessary pre-upgrade tasks, you can begin the upgrade process by inserting the Vista DVD into your drive. If autorun is enabled, click Install Now from the Install Windows screen and proceed with the steps described below.

1.    When prompted, type in the license key. Click Next.

2.    Accept the end-user license agreement.

3.    Click Upgrade.

4.    At this point, setup might warn you if it detects any incompatible hardware and software. However, if you ran the Vista Upgrade Advisor, you should have no problems.

5.    Setup will proceed to perform the following tasks:

o        Copying Windows Files

o        Gathering files

o        Expanding files

o        Installing features and updates

o        Completing upgrade

This process can take several minutes and your computer will reboot a few times.

6.    When prompted, choose how you want to deal with automatic updates. Click Next.

7.    Select your time zone, time and date. Click Next.

8.    Select your computer's location: Home, Work or Public Location. Click Next.

9.    Your computer will reboot.

At this point, the upgrade is almost complete. Vista will inform you of any compatibility issues for software that loads on startup and look for updates for incompatible software and drivers. As a pre-caution, also verify that your data is available.

Upgrading To Vista (Part V)

Assuming that you have completed all the necessary pre-upgrade tasks, you can begin the upgrade process by inserting the Vista DVD into your drive. If autorun is enabled, click Install Now from the Install Windows screen and proceed with the steps described below.

1.    When prompted, type in the license key. Click Next.

2.    Accept the end-user license agreement.

3.    Click Upgrade.

4.    At this point, setup might warn you if it detects any incompatible hardware and software. However, if you ran the Vista Upgrade Advisor, you should have no problems.

5.    Setup will proceed to perform the following tasks:

o        Copying Windows Files

o        Gathering files

o        Expanding files

o        Installing features and updates

o        Completing upgrade

This process can take several minutes and your computer will reboot a few times.

6.    When prompted, choose how you want to deal with automatic updates. Click Next.

7.    Select your time zone, time and date. Click Next.

8.    Select your computer's location: Home, Work or Public Location. Click Next.

9.    Your computer will reboot.

At this point, the upgrade is almost complete. Vista will inform you of any compatibility issues for software that loads on startup and look for updates for incompatible software and drivers. As a pre-caution, also verify that your data is available.

Upgrading To Vista (Part VI)

In the previous installments of this article, I outlined how you can upgrade an existing computer to Vista. However, what happens if your upgrade includes purchasing a new computer?

Vista makes it very simple to move from an old computer to a new one. Many people are often reluctant to get a new computer because they do not want to lose their existing files and settings. You can use the Windows Easy Transfer utility to move settings from one computer to another. It eliminates the need for you to reconfigure your personal settings on a new computer. Windows Easy Transfer can transfer components such as:

  • User Accounts
  • Files and folders
  • Email messages, settings, and contacts
  • Photos, music, and videos
  • Windows settings
  • Program data files and settings
  • Internet settings

If you want to transfer your settings between your current computer and the new one, you need to connect two computers. The easiest way is to do this is using a special USB cable designed to work with Windows Easy Transfer. You also need to install the application that came with the cable or download the Windows Easy Transfer program from Microsoft (Windows Easy Transfer).

You need to install the program on your current PC. After that, the rest of the process is straightforward. Connect your current computer to your new computer using the Windows Easy Transfer USB cable. The Windows Easy Transfer program will start and walk you through the process of transferring your files and settings to your new computer.

==================================================

 Basic And Dynamic Disks In Vista (Part I)

All versions of Windows support basic disks. A basic disk supports the following:

  • Primary partitions
  • Extended partitions
  • Logical drives

A basic disk also supports different types of Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) including volume sets, stripe sets, mirror sets, and stripe sets with parity.

Vista Business, Enterprise and Ultimate editions all support Dynamic Disks. A dynamic disk supports the following:

  • Simple volumes
  • Spanned volumes
  • Mirrored volumes
  • Striped volumes
  • RAID-5 volumes

You can upgrade a basic disk to dynamic disk using the Disk Management console. Click Start, right click Computer and click Manage. Click Storage and click Disk Management. Click Disk Management. Right click the appropriate disk and click Convert to Dynamic Disk.

There are things you need to keep in mind when converting to a dynamic disk. In order to revert to a basic disk, you must back up all your data, delete the existing volumes and repartition the disk. You can then convert to a basic disk using the 'convert basic' command.

Next, you cannot upgrade to a dynamic disk of you are using a mobile computer. Finally, dynamic disks are not accessible under pre-Windows 2000 operating systems. If you are dual booting with an older version of Windows, the dynamic disk will not be readable.

In the next installment of this article, I will more closely at converting from a basic to dynamic disk.

Basic And Dynamic Disks In Vista (Part II)

Vista supports both basic and dynamic disks (as does Windows 2000 and XP). You can use the Disk Management console to convert a basic disk to dynamic. Before you attempt to make the conversion, you need to keep the following points in mind:

  • You cannot revert to a basic disk without first deleting all partitions and volumes.
  • Vista Home editions do not support dynamic disks.
  • Portable computer do not support dynamic disks.

You can convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk by completing the steps below:

  1. Click Start, right click Computer and click Manager.
  2. Type mmc and click OK.
  3. Click Storage.
  4. Click Disk Management.
  5. In the right pane, right-click the disk you want to convert and click Convert to Dynamic Disk.

Alternatively, you can also use the 'convert dynamic' command from the Command Prompt.

Unfortunately converting back to a basic disk is not as simple but you need know the general process that has to be completed. Your very first step will be to back up data on the volumes. You can then use the 'convert basic' command from the command prompt to return the disk to a basic disk.

The next installment of this article will look at configuring dynamic disks under Vista.

Basic And Dynamic Disks In Vista (Part III)

Now that you are familiar with basic and dynamic disks, you can move on to performing some basic disk management tasks such as creating, shrinking, extending and formatting simple volumes.

In Vista, you can create a new simple volume by completing the steps below:

  1. Open Disk Management.
  2. Right click unallocated space on the dynamic disk and click New Simple Volume.
  3. Click Next.
  4. Type in the size of the volume and click Next.
  5. Assign a drive letter to the volume and click Next.
  6. Specify the formatting options. If you choose to format the partition, type in a name for the volume in the Volume Label field and select the file system you want to use.
  7. Click Next.
  8. Review your selections and click Finish.

New in Vista is the ability to shrink a volume. This means you can reclaim unused space from a volume and then create a new volume from that free space.

To shrink a volume:

  1. Open Disk Management.
  2. Right click the volume you want to shrink and click Shrink Volume from the context menu.
  3. Enter the amount in MB to shrink the partition.
  4. Click Shrink.

Once the operation is complete, the free space that you reclaimed will appear as unallocated space within Disk Management.

As with XP, Vista also lets you extend a volume.

To extend a simple volume:

  1. Within the Disk Management console, right click the simple volume that you want to extend and click Extend Volume.
  2. Select the disk that the volume will be extended to and click Add.
  3. Specify the amount of space to add to the volume. Click Next.
  4. Click Finish.

In the final installment of this article, I'll outline some of the additional disk management tasks that you can perform in Vista.

Basic And Dynamic Disks In Vista (Part IV)

It is common these days for someone to move a hard disk between two computers. When you move a dynamic disk from one computer to another, the status will appear as "foreign" within the Disk Management console. You will be unable to access any data on the disk until you import the disk into the computer's system configuration.

If you have moved a dynamic disk from one computer to another, you can use the steps below to import it. The steps below assume that you have already physically added the foreign disk to the computer.

  1. Click Start, right click Computer and click Manager.
  2. Click Storage
  3. Click Disk Management.
  4. From the Action menu, click Rescan Disks.
  5. Right click the disk marked as Foreign and click Import Foreign Disks.
  6. Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the process.

You should now be able to access the data that is stored on the new disk. The important point to remember any time you remove or add a physical type to a computer is that you have to open the Disk Management console and select the Rescan Disks option from the Action menu. And on that note, you should now be able to tackle many disk management tasks.

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Managing Dynamic Disks In Vista Part I

Vista supports two different types of disks: basic disks and dynamic disks. The disk type you use will determine how the physical hard drive space is partitioned and the features that are supported. For example, if you decide to have Windows initialize physical disks as basic disks, you will be able to create primary and extended partitions and logical drives. On the other hand, if disks are initialized as dynamic, you can create simple and spanned volumes and take advantage of additional features.

Note: Dynamic disks are only supported on the Business, Enterprise and Ultimate versions of Vista. Dynamic disks are also not supported on portable computers.

Basic versus Dynamic Disks
Basic disks are supported by all versions of Windows including MS-DOS and Windows NT. A basic disk supports primary partitions, extended partitions, and logical drives. A basic disk also supports different types of Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) including volume sets, stripe sets, mirror sets, and stripe sets with parity.

Dynamic disks were introduced in Windows 2000 and any earlier versions of Windows do not provide support for this type of disk. Dynamic disks support the following disk configurations:

  • Simple volumes
  • Spanned volumes
  • Mirrored volumes
  • Striped volumes
  • RAID-5 volumes

If you are running Windows 2000 or later, you can use the standard basic disks or convert to dynamic which allows you to take advantage of additional features. When you first install Vista (or any other Windows version that supports this disk type), all disks are initialized as basic. Afterwards, you can optionally convert to a dynamic disk using the Disk Management console.

Many people often ask the question "Why convert from basic to dynamic?" The main reason is to take advantage of additional features that include:

  • Disk and volume management tasks can be performed without having to restart the computer afterwards.
  • Volumes that span multiple disks can be created. These are referred to as spanned volumes.
  • A simple or spanned volume can be extended without losing any data.
  • Dynamic disks support an unlimited number (up to 2000) of volumes.
  • Dynamic disks do not use a Master Boot Record (MBR). The disk layout information is stored on the last 1 MB of the disk.

Managing Dynamic Disks In Vista Part II

Vista lets you to convert from a basic disk to a dynamic disk without losing any data. However, before you attempt to do so, you need to keep the following points in mind:

  • There must be a minimum of 1 MB of free disk space on the master boot record disk you want to convert.
  • Local access to a dynamic disk is limited to Windows 2000 and later.
  • Any partitions on an existing basic disk are converted to simple volumes.
  • You cannot revert back to a basic disk without repartitioning.
  • Removable media cannot be converted to a dynamic disk.

You can upgrade a basic disk to dynamic disk using the Disk Management console. Click Start, right click Computer and click Manage. Click Storage and click Disk Management. Click Disk Management. Right click the appropriate disk and click Convert to Dynamic Disk.

It is important to remember that dynamic disks are not accessible under pre-Windows 2000 operating systems. This is important if you are dual booting with an older version of Windows. Any dynamic disks will not be readable under the legacy version of Windows.

Unfortunately converting back to a basic disk is not as simple but you need know the general process that has to be completed. Your very first step will be to back up data on the volumes. You can then use the 'convert basic' command from the command prompt to return the disk to a basic disk.

Now that you are familiar with the steps you must complete to convert between basic and dynamic disks, you can begin learning how to manage dynamic disks.

Managing Dynamic Disks In Vista Part III

The Disk Management console is the main interface for managing basic and dynamic disks. Once you open the console, you will see a graphical display of all the disks installed on your computer as well as the volumes configured.

Management tasks can include creating and extending volumes, formatting volumes, changing drives letters, importing disks, and so on. The following sections will discuss how these management tasks can be performed under Vista

Creating and Extending Volumes
The main type of volume on a dynamic disk is a simple volume. You can create a new simple volume or spanned volume within the Disk Management console by completing the steps below:

In Vista, you can create a new simple volume by completing the steps below:

  1. Open Disk Management.
  2. Right click unallocated space on the dynamic disk and click New Simple Volume.
  3. Click Next.
  4. Type in the size of the volume and click Next.
  5. Assign a drive letter to the volume and click Next.
  6. Specify the formatting options. If you choose to format the partition, type in a name for the volume in the Volume Label field and select the file system you want to use.
  7. Click Next.
  8. Review your selections and click Finish.

New in Vista is the ability to shrink a volume. This means you can reclaim unused space from a volume and then create a new volume from that free space.

To shrink a volume:

  1. Open Disk Management.
  2. Right click the volume you want to shrink and click Shrink Volume from the context menu.
  3. Enter the amount in MB to shrink the partition.
  4. Click Shrink.

Once the operation is complete, the free space that you reclaimed will appear as unallocated space within Disk Management.

As with Windows XP, Vista also lets you extend a volume. Before outlining the steps there is a VERY important point to keep in mind. A primary partition becomes a simple volume when the disk is converted to dynamic. However, if an existing simple volume was created before the disk was converted to dynamic it cannot be extended. A simple volume can only be extended if the simple volume was created after the disk was converted to dynamic. So when you are considering extending an existing volume, remember that a simple volume that was originally a primary partition cannot be extended and you cannot extend the system or boot volume.

To extend a simple volume:

  1. Within the Disk Management console, right click the simple volume that you want to extend and click Extend Volume.
  2. Select the disk that the volume will be extended to and click Add.
  3. Specify the amount of space to add to the volume. Click Next.
  4. Click Finish.

Managing Dynamic Disks In Vista Part IV

You can use the Disk Management console to format or reformat dynamic volumes. To format a dynamic volume in Vista, open the Disk Management console. In the details pane, right click the appropriate volume and click Format. Select the file system you want to use and click OK.

Keep in mind that you can convert from FAT to NTFS without having to reformat the volume. In other words, you will not lose any data. However, this is a one time conversion. In order to revert back to FAT, you will need to reformat the volume.

Typically you should choose NTFS over FAT32 because of the additional features it supports such as file level security, disk compression, file encryption, and disk quotas. Vista includes support for FAT and FAT32 to remain compatible with older operating systems. In most cases the only time you would want to use FAT32 is for multi-boot configurations where you have Vista and an older operating system, such as Windows 98, running on the same system.

Changing the Drive Letter Assigned to a Dynamic Volume
In Vista, you can use the Disk Management console to manage the drives on your computer. One of the things you may want to do at some point is change the drive letter assignments. You can assign any letter between C and Z to a hard disk drive while letters A and B are reserved for floppy disk drives.

To access the Disk Management console, right click Computer and select Manage. Under Storage, click Disk Management. The drive configuration of your computer will be displayed in the details pane. You can change the drive letter by right clicking any volume and selecting Change Drive Letter and Paths. Click the Change button and use the drop down arrow to select the drive letter you want to assign to the volume. Click OK. Click Yes to confirm your actions.

Two points you must keep in mind when performing this procedure. You cannot change the drive letter assigned to the boot or system partition using this method. Second, some programs may refer to specific drive letters for environmental variables. Changing the drive letters may result in such programs not functioning correctly.

Managing Dynamic Disks In Vista Part V

One of the perks of using dynamic disks is that you can move physical disks between computers. A dynamic disk will have a status of foreign when it is moved from one computer to another. You will be unable to access any data on the disk until it is imported into the computer's system configuration.

If you have moved a dynamic disk from one computer to another, you can use the steps below to import it. The steps below assume that you have already physically added the foreign disk to the computer.

  1. Click Start, right click Computer and click Manager.
  2. Click Storage
  3. Click Disk Management.
  4. From the Action menu, click Rescan Disks.
  5. Right click the disk marked as Foreign and click Import Foreign Disks.
  6. Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the process.

You should now be able to access the data that is stored on the new disk. Remember that any time you remove or add a physical type to a computer you have to open the Disk Management console and select the Rescan Disks option from the Action menu.

Summary
Vista supports basic and dynamic disk. A dynamic disk supports simple volumes, spanned volumes, striped volumes, mirrored volumes, and RAID-5 volumes. Dynamic disks provide several features that are not supported by basic disks, such as the ability to span a volume across multiple disks. You can use the Disk Management utility to perform most disk management tasks, including converting from a basic disk to a dynamic disk.

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Paul's tips on Vista

http://www.winsupersite.com/vista/

Free AVG

http://free.grisoft.com

Free Avast

http://www.avast.com/eng/avast_4_home.html

Desktops

http://www.hamaddarwish.com/content/index_3.html

good link

http://www.vista4beginners.com/tutorials

Fun with the Quick Launch toolbar

Mark Livschitz tipped me off to an excellent and hidden feature of the Quick Launch toolbar, which typically appears as a list of shortcut icons to the right of the Start button. It turns out you can access the shortcuts in the Quick Launch toolbar using hidden keyboard shortcuts. The first shortcut (Show desktop in the shot below) is triggered by tapping WINKEY + 1, the second by tapping WINKEY + 2, and so on.

Resizing desktop icons with the mouse

This was probably the most popular tip, so thanks to the many people who wrote in about this one: In the last Tips article, I mentioned that Vista supports three default sizes for desktop icons, compared to just one in previous Windows versions. But it's actually quite a bit better than that if you know the secret: Using the scroll wheel on your mouse, it's possible in Vista to revolve through a whopping 28 icon sizes, some of which are quite large. So if you really want to customize your desktop, this is the way to go: Click the desktop, hold down the CTRL key and start scrolling with your mouse's scroll wheel. Amazing.

More keyboard shortcuts

Manjit Cheema tells me that WINKEY+SPACE will bring Windows Sidebar to the forefront; this is especially useful if you've used Show Desktop and Sidebar is hidden. Also, holding down the CTRL key while you click the Maximize window button in Internet Explorer 7 causes that app to maximizee without any window chrome, just as if you'd tapped F11.

User Account Control offers improved security

By Mark Joseph Edwards

Vista's User Account Control (UAC) helps defend your system against all sorts of malware.

This week, I discuss whether or not it's a good idea to disable UAC and explain how to disable it, if you want to. (Note: Fred Langa is taking the week off and will return in the next newsletter.)


Is disabling Vista's User Account Control wise?

If you use Vista, then you're probably aware that it has a new security feature called User Account Control (UAC). This feature enables you log in as a regular user without administrator privileges (which is a more secure way of using your computer), but quickly elevate your privileges when a program needs greater access to your computer than is allowed for a regular user account.

Overall, UAC is a good feature. But some people find it to be bothersome, due to the prompts that appear, asking if you want to elevate a program's privileges. So, the question arises whether or not to disable UAC. If you do disable it, and then log in with an account that has administrator privileges, you need to be aware that your system is less protected than it would be if you had left UAC enabled.

The reason this is true is because many forms of malware typically try to create or modify Registry keys and Windows system files. They might also try to write files to areas of the system where a regular user account would not normally write files. With UAC enabled, actions that require administrator-level access are prohibited unless you specifically allow them by approving a UAC prompt.

Keep in mind that while UAC does help prevent many forms of malware from infecting your system, malware can still find its way in to your system even with UAC enabled. UAC simply protects the system from actions that would normally require administrator-level access. So, it's a good idea to leave it enabled.

On the other hand, if you consider yourself to be somewhat of an expert at protecting your computer, then disabling UAC and running as admin may be something you'd be comfortable with. After all, if you've used Windows for years and have yet to experience a serious infiltration of your system by some type of malware, then it's possible that you can continue in that way without UAC.

Keep in mind that if you share your computer with other people who have their own user accounts, you can disable UAC but it might break usability for other user accounts. Woody Leonard pointed out to me that when UAC is disabled via the Control Panel for one user account, other regular user accounts are no longer able to elevate their privileges. A regular user account can't even change Vista's system time, unless UAC is available so the user can authorize the change. Disabling UAC isn't good if you have other regular user accounts for people who share your computer.

Instead of disabling UAC using the Control Panel, a better approach might be to use an account with administrator-level access as your usual user login account, and then disable UAC only for accounts that have administrator-level access. That way, your user account won't be subject to UAC prompts, but other user accounts will be.

On any version of Vista, except Home Basic and Home Premium, you can disable UAC for administrator accounts by following these steps:

Step 1. Click the Start button and launch the Local Security Policy editor by entering secpol.msc in the Search box.

Step 2. Select the Local Policies item in the left panel to expand the tree, then expand Security Options under Local Policies.

Step 3. Scroll down the list in the right panel to locate User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode. Right-click that item and choose Properties.

Step 4. Select Elevate without prompting and close the dialog.

If you use Vista Home Basic or Home Premium, the Local Security Policy editor, unfortunately, isn't included. To disable UAC for administrator accounts, you'll need to edit the Registry. Follow these steps to do that - and be extremely careful, since mistakes could render your system unusable!

Step 1. Click Start and enter regedit in the Search box to launch the Registry Editor.

Step 2. Navigate to the following key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Policies \ System

Step 3. Double-click the ConsentPromptBehaviorAdmin item.

Step 4. Change the value to 00000000.

Step 5. Close the dialog and exit the Registry Editor.

That's all there is to it!

Control User Account Control through A Computer Policy (Vista)

One of the new features that you will immediately notice in Vista is User Account Control or UAC. It is designed to prevent unauthorized changes to your computer. Each time you attempt to perform a task that requires administrative rights, a dialog box appears prompting you for permission.

User Account Control can be enabled or disabled through User Accounts and Family Safety within the Control Panel. You can further configure the behavior of UAC through the local computer policy.

To locate the related policy settings:

  1. Click Start and type mmc in the Search field.
  2. From the list of programs, click mmc. Click Continue when prompted.
  3. From the File menu, click Add/Remove Snap-in.
  4. Click the Group Policy Object Editor from the list and click Add.
  5. Click Finish.
  6. Click OK.

Click the Local Computer Policy and navigate to the following location: Local Computer Policy\Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Local Policies\Security Options. In the list of policy settings, scroll to the bottom. You will see a list of settings for controlling the behavior of User Account Control on the local computer.

Recently Opened Files In Vista

Like previous versions of Windows, Vista maintains a list of your recently opened files on the Start Menu. This is supposed to give you quick access to the files that you most recently opened. Some users however, may not want others knowing what files they are working on and feel it is a breach of privacy. Vista does give you the option of disabling this feature so users can maintain their privacy.

To disable the list of recently opened files:

  1. Right click the Taskbar and click Properties.
  2. Click the Start Menu tab.
  3. Under the Privacy section, uncheck the Store and display a list of recently opened files.
  4. Click OK.

Note: You can also disable the list of recently opened programs by removing the check beside the Store and display a list of recently opened programs option.

Change Your Vista Product Key

The version of Vista that gets installed depends on the product key that you enter. This means a single Vista CD can be used to install the various editions. One question that immediately arises then is "how can I upgrade my existing version of Vista to a version that has more features?".

The answer is to change the product key through the System applet within the Control Panel. Under the Windows activation section, click the Change product key link. The window that appears will allow you to enter a new product key and thereby upgrade to a different version of Vista.

Vista's Startup Repair Tool

Users often think that the best and easiest way to get rid of start up problems is to simply reinstall the operating system. However, this is time consuming especially when you have to restore data and reinstall your favorite applications. A lot of times, but not all, the problem is as simple as replacing a file or altering a setting. This is where Windows Vista's Startup Repair Tool can help.

The Startup Repair Tool is designed to detect operating system startup problems. If one is detected, it automatically launches a troubleshooter that will attempt to resolve the problem with little to no user intervention. The Startup Repair Tool can repair problems such as:

  • Missing or corrupt drivers
  • Missing or corrupt system files
  • Missing or corrupt boot configuration settings
  • Corrupt registry settings
  • Corrupt disk metadata

So what happens when the Startup Repair Tool detects a problem? It will automatically attempt to repair the system. If successful, the computer will reboot and an event will be written to the event log. If the Startup Repair Tool cannot repair the problem without user intervention, it will provide you with the tools to manually troubleshoot the issue. If the Startup Repair Tool cannot identify or fix the problem, it will start the computer using the last known good configuration.

Q:
You promised in yesterday's newsletter that you would go over some more of the new features in Vista and I wanted to make sure you were going to hold true to that. I'm very interested in learning as much as I can about the new operating system, so any information you can provide would be great.

A:
You are absolutely correct! I did promise that and even though you don't know me very well, I can tell you that I never break promises. As you read above in today's quick tip, Windows Vista has been released and it is on the shelves ready for sale. I'm guessing that several people are going to run right out and get the new operating system, but I'm also willing to bet that some of you are still a little apprehensive about the whole thing. Am I right? Yeah, I thought I might be.

So, I'm here today to try and ease your mind a little. Yesterday, I told you all about the new Aero interface that is being used with Vista. That's a pretty cool thing, but it's not the only thing Vista is offering. There are so many more new features and options, it's incredible. I'm going to go over a few more of these with you, so sit back, relax and come on a Vista journey with me!

The first thing I thought I would tell you about is Vista's Performance. Microsoft has added a new technology to Vista that will help your computer to be more responsive while you are going through your daily tasks. It also has an advanced startup performance, which will help all the Vista PCs to get up and going much faster. There is also a better balance between memory devices, etc. that will help all of your programs to run more smoothly and efficiently. Microsoft has even thought about how your computer will be as it ages. As your computer gets older, the features in Vista are designed to work together to make your PC work just as good as it did the day you brought it home.

The next category I would like to tell you about is under the name of Search and Organization. The features for this in Vista will help all computer users quickly and easily locate files, e-mails and any other documents, etc. stored on their computer. With the new file searcher , if you remember any kind of detail about it whatsoever (when it was created, what type of file it is, what it contains, etc.), you will easily be able to find it in a matter of seconds. There are brand new ways to keep all of that data organized as well.

Another great feature is called the Self-healing System. Built in to Vista are ways to keep your computer from failing on you as easily as it may have in the past. Vista is reliable in detecting and resolving many known problems that may have caused you previous trouble. The best thing about this is that it requires hardly any effort on your part! And if by some chance Vista cannot figure out the problem on its own, it will provide you with a list of troubleshooting techniques that you can try out yourself. How cool is that?!

The next feature I'd like to tell you about is called SuperFetch. This wonderful option helps all of your programs to load up much faster than they normally would. SuperFetch will also run automatic backups and antivirus scans for you when you're not actively using your computer. It does that so it will not disturb you too much. This feature will also monitor which programs you use the most and it will preload them into your system memory so they will be readily available when you need them.

Another perk of Windows Vista falls under the name of User Account Control. This feature happens to enhance the security of your computer accounts. The Controls will prevent any dangerous software from making unknown changes to your system. That is, unless you give it consent to do so. This option works with the Windows Defender program and the Internet Explorer 7 Web browser to heighten your safety even more. It will help keep viruses, spyware and other types of malware off your computer as well. This is just the beginning of what the User Account Control feature will do for you and you can't complain about that!

Okay, this is going to be the last one I'm going to tell you about, because I'm starting to run out of room. This one is more on the fun side of Vista and it's called the Windows Calendar. With this calendar, you will be able to manage all of your activities in an easy to understand format. The Windows Calendar is a great tool for planning all of your activities, as well as, keeping track of other people's schedules along the way. Everything you need for your daily events can be found on your PC each morning and you will never be unorganized again!

Now, of course, those are just a few of the new features that come along with Vista. I mean, Microsoft really has thought of everything with this one. There's new parental controls, a photo gallery option, remote access, a Sync Center, a Welcome Center and even a complete PC backup and restore utility.

Also, keep in mind that some of these features only work in certain versions of Vista. You will have to read through a description of the version you get to see what all is offered. But, either way you look at it, all the new features are great and your Vista experience will be so much better because of them. Yes!

~ Erin

Vista's Parental Controls (Part I)

When you install Vista you also get the latest version of Microsoft's Web browser. As you will see when you start poking around Internet Explorer 7, the browser has many security-related features and tools that are designed to secure your computer when connected to the Internet. One such tool, which is only available in the version of Internet Explorer that is included with Vista, is the Parental Controls.

Parental Controls is designed for parents to stop children from visiting inappropriate Web sites. However, it is also a feature that businesses can take advantage of to prevent against unacceptable Web usage.

Note: This feature is not available if the computer is connected to a domain.

You can configure Parental Controls from the Content tab within the Internet Options window. It is also accessible through the Vista Control Panel.

To start configuring Parental Controls, click the Parental Controls button on the Internet Option's Content tab. The Parental Controls window will appear, listing all the user accounts configured on the computer. Select the Standard User account that you want to setup Parental Controls for.

Under Parental Controls, click the On, enforce current settings option. Once enabled, you will be able to control settings for the following areas:

  • Web restrictions
  • Time limits
  • Games
  • Programs

Web Restrictions
Parental Controls lets you restrict what Web sites a standard user account can visit. You can also block Web sites based on the content. This is useful for businesses that want to control the type of Web content employees can access from their workgroup computers.

Under Windows Settings, click the Vista Web Filter option to begin setting up Web restrictions.

The Web Restrictions window will permit you to configure the following settings:

  • Allow or block Web sites or content
  • Create an Allow list
  • Set the Web restriction level
  • Block file downloads

Select Edit the Allow and block list link to specify which specific sites users can and cannot visit. Type in the URL of the specific Web site and click either the Allow or the Block button. You also have the option of blocking access to all sites except those on the Allow list you create. For example, you can create a list of work related Web sites and block access to all other sites by selecting the Only Allow Web sites which are on the allow list option.

Time Limits
Parental Controls lets you set time limits to specify when a user is allowed to log on to the computer. For example, to ensure employees are not logging on to the computers after business hours, you can set a time limit from 8 AM to 6 PM. After 6 PM, users will automatically be logged off.

From the Time Restrictions window, click and drag the hours that you want to allow or block. Different logon hours can be set up for different days of the week.

In the next installment of this article, I'll show you how to prevent users from playing games and limiting access to programs.

Vista's Parental Controls (Part II)

In the previous installment of this article, you learned how to use Parental Controls to set Web and time restrictions. Now we'll look at how you can use this tool to prevent users from playing games and using certain programs.

Games
Chances are you will not want your users playing games during business hours. Parental Controls lets you block any game on the computer or control the types of games that can be played.

To prevent a user from playing any games, click the No option. If you opt to let users play games, they can be blocked by rating or content types. Games can also be blocked by name. Select the Block or Allow specific games link to control specific games a user can or cannot play. For example, if you discover a user is spending business hours playing Solitaire, select Always Block to prevent the user from being allowed to play it.

Programs
Parental Controls lets you control what programs a user has access to. By default, a user will have access to all programs installed on the computer. You can select the individuals programs that a user is allowed to use. All the programs installed on the computer will be listed. Check each program that you want the user to have access to. All other programs will be blocked.

Note: Be careful not to block access to a program that a user requires to perform their job function.

Monitoring Activity
A very handy feature of Parental Controls in Vista is that it monitors activity and generates reports. When you select the View activity reports link, you will be presented with a summary of activity for the user account. It will provide you with information such as the top 10 Web sites visited by the user, their logon times, any games they have played and so on.

Along with user account activity, the Parental Controls reporting feature provides a report on general system activity. For example, the report will tell you when changes have been made to the system, the date and time of the change and who performed the action. Parental Controls reports on the following general system activities:

  • Changes to Settings
  • Account Changes
  • System Clock Changes
  • Failed Logon Attempts

Activity reporting is a handy feature, if you remember to view the reports on a regular basis. You can configure Vista to remind you to view the reports on a weekly or daily basis.

Return to the main Parental Controls window that lists the user accounts on the local computer. Under the list of tasks, click Family Safety Option. Choose how frequently you want to be reminded to view the activity reports.

User Accounts In Vista (Part I)

Creating user accounts is a snap with Vista. It is definitely something you should know how to do if you share your computer with other individuals. All of the user account tasks are grouped under the User Accounts and Family Safety option in the Control Panel. Conversely, user accounts can also be managed through the Computer Management console. Once you open this tool, the process for creating a user account is quite similar to that in Windows XP.

The steps for creating a new user account in Vista are outlined below:

  1. Right click Computer and click Manage.
  2. Expand Local Users and Groups.
  3. Click Users.
  4. Click More Actions and select New User.
  5. Type in the user name and the individual's full name.
  6. Type in an optional description.
  7. Type in a password for the account.
  8. Select the appropriate account options (described below).
  9. Click Create.

When you create the new user account you will notice four account options at the bottom of the dialog box. The account options you select will depend on your computer practices. For example, most people will assign the user account a password when it's first created and then have the user change it, coming up with their own password the first time they log on. In any case, the available options are summarized below:

  • User must change logon at next logon on - Select this options if you want the user to come up with their own password the very first time they log onto the computer.
  • User cannot change password - Select this option if you don't want the password changed on the account. This option is useful for guest accounts or accounts that are used by multiple users as well as service accounts.
  • Password Never Expires - Selecting this option means the user never not have to change their password.
  • Account is disabled - Select this option if you want the account to be disabled so no one is able to log on with it.

User Accounts In Vista (Part II)

In Part I of this series you learned how to create a user account in Vista. You're next step is to become familiar with the different settings that can be configured through the properties window for a user account.

Every user account has a set of configurable properties. Right clicking on a user account within the Computer Management console brings up a dialog box with three tabs. From the properties window you can configure properties such as account options, group membership and user profiles.

To open the properties window for a user account:

  1. Right click Computer and select Manage.
  2. Select Local Users and Groups.
  3. Select Users.
  4. Right click the appropriate user account and click Properties.

The options available on each of the three tabs:

  • General: Used to change or configure the full name of the individual, the description of the user account and account options
  • Profile: This tab allows you to specify the path to a user's profile as well as the location of logon scripts and home folders.
  • Member Of: Allows you to configure the groups of which the user account is a member.

Once you make the necessary changes to the user account, click OK. The change will be applied the next time the user logs on with that account.

User Accounts In Vista (Part III)

Part II of this series, I outlined the three tabs available from the properties dialog box for a user account. The three tabs include: General, Member Of and Profile. Since the Profile tab has settings that are often overlooked, we'll now take a close look at them.

The Profile tab allows you to configure the path to the user profile. For those of you who are not familiar with what a user profile is, here is a perfect example that I'm sure most can relate to. Two users share the same computer. One user prefers the Windows default background and the other prefers backgrounds downloaded from the Internet. So what permits each user to retain their preferences on a single computer? Of course, as I'm sure you've already guessed, the answer is user profiles.

By default profiles are stored on a local computer. What happens though for users who move between multiple workstations? They can configure their settings on each local computer or the easier solution is to use roaming profiles. This way the profiles can be stored on a central computer making the profiles available on any computer in the domain. This is where the Profile tab comes in. Once you've created a share on a central computer to hold the profiles, use the Profiles tab under the account properties and type in the path to the shared folder.

Two other fields are available from this property sheet: logon scripts and home folders. If you are using logon scripts, provide the path to where they are located so the scripts can be run each time the user logs on to the computer. Home folders are considered to be a user's personal storage space. You have the option of storing them on the local computer or on another computer on your network.

Display Logon Message In Vista

You can configure your computer to display a message to users who are attempting to log on. For example, you may want to a message to appear that only users with valid user names and passwords are permitted to logon.

  1. Click Start and click Control Panel.
  2. Click System and Maintenance, Administrative Tools and then the Local Security Policy.
  3. Within the console, expand Local Policies.
  4. Click Security Options. The various security options are displayed in the details pane.
  5. Scroll through the options and locate Interactive Logon: Message text for users attempting to log on.
  6. Double click the security option.
  7. Type in the message text that you want users to see.
  8. Click OK.

Malware Protection In Vista (Part I)

Malware is any program or file that is intended to be harmful to your computer. Microsoft has become more dedicated in protecting computers against malware attacks as in evident in the release of Vista.

Vista includes several technologies, that when used together, enhance protection against various forms of malware. These technologies include:

  • User Account Control
  • Windows Defender
  • Malicious Software Removal Tool
  • IE 7 security
  • Windows Firewall
  • Security Center

User Account Control
User Account Control (UAC) is the feature that enables Vista to be able to run more reliably without giving the user local admin rights to the system. This does result in some additional dialog boxes and warnings that pop up for users but in the end it reduces the damage that malware can do to a computer.

User Account Control is enabled by default in Vista. Microsoft recommends leaving it enabled to protect against the installation of malicious software. The Security Center will indicate whether UAC is turned on.

Further to enabling/disabling this feature, you can control the behavior of UAC through the local computer policy. Open the Local Computer Policy and navigate to the following locations: Local Computer Policy \ Computer Configuration \ Windows Settings \ Security Settings \ Local Policies \ Security Options. The following settings can be used to control UAC:

User Account Control: Admin Approval Mode for the Built-in Administrator Account.

The default value for the UAC policy setting is Disabled for new installations and upgrades when the built-in Administrator is not the only active local administrator account on the computer.

User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode.

This security setting determines the type of prompt an admin-level user will receive when they attempt to perform an admin-level task. The default value is Prompt for Consent. You can increase security by setting the value to Prompt for Credentials. Doing so means the admin-level user will need to enter their admin-level username and password.

User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users.

This security setting determines the type of prompt a standard user will receive when they attempt to perform an admin-level task. The default value is Prompt for Credentials.

You can increase security by setting the value to Automatically deny elevation requests. Standard users will then have to perform admin-level tasks using the Run command or by logging in with an admin-level account.

In the next installment of this article, we'll look at how Windows Defender and the Malicious Software Removal tool work to protect your computer against malware.

Malware Protection In Vista (Part II)

In the first installment of this article, we looked at the User Account Control feature in Vista and how it protects against malware. Now we'll look at two additional tools: Windows Defender and the Malicious Software Removal tool.

Windows Defender
Windows Defender is a spyware scanning application that looks for potential threats and shuts them down and alerts you when applications engage in suspicious activities. Windows Defender is configured to scan your computer every day at 2:00 AM. This schedule should be changed if the scan cannot be performed at this time.

You should enable the Check for updated definitions before scanning option. This is your best bet for ensuring the software is up-to-date with the latest definitions. Otherwise you must be diligent enough to manually check for updates on a regular basis.

Note: Windows Defender should be used in conjunction with third party anti-virus software.

There are several settings within the Local Computer Policy for controlling how Windows Defender behaves. The settings you configure will be specific to your requirements of your computing environment.

For example, if WSUS is used to deploy updates to Windows Defender, you should consider enabling the Turn on definition updates through both WSUS and Windows Update. In the event that the WSUS server in your environment is unavailable, Vista will use Windows Update to check for new definitions.

Malicious Software Removal Tool
Even with the appropriate security measures in plan, there is still the risk that an instance of malware can go undetected by your anti-virus software or even disable it. The Malicious Software Removal Tool is designed for such situations. When the tool is run, it detects and removes any malicious software it finds on your computer.

Although the tool is not necessary if you are running up-to-date anti-virus software, it does provide another layer of protection. The tool is installed with Vista and is available as a free download for Windows XP. You can locate the tool by typing mrt.exe in the Search field on the Start menu.

When the tool is run, you can choose the type of scan to perform. As you can see from the exhibit, you can perform a Quick, Full or Custom scan. If you choose a Quick scan, the Malicious Software Removal Tool will scan the areas of a computer that are likely to contain malicious software.

With a Full scan, the entire system is checked for malware. You should perform a Full scan every once in a while but be advised that it can take up to a few hours depending on your system. Finally, you can opt to perform a Custom scan and choose the folders or areas of your computer that you want the Malicious Software Removal Tool to scan. The results of the scan will indicate whether any malicious software was found on your computer.

In the last installment of this article, we'll look at how Software Restriction Policies, Internet Explorer and the Windows Firewall work to protect your computer against malware.

Malware Protection In Vista (Part III)

The second installment of this article described how Windows Defender and the Malicious Software Removal tool protect your computer. Vista does not stop there and includes several other features that are designed to protect your computer.

Software Restriction Policies
Software Restriction Policies are yet another way that you can protect your computer from malware. You can use them to control what software users can run on a computer and prevent certain executables from running.

Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer has its own set of security options that can be used in conjunction with the other technologies discussed to protect your computer. IE7 in Vista now operates in a quarantined corner of the operating systems, where it can no longer allow spyware, adware, and various malware threats to have an open door into the throne room.

Protected Mode is enabled from the Internet Options window's Security tab. This feature prevents malicious users from changing any files or settings without your explicit permission. It is enabled by default for all security zones, except the Trusted Site zone.

IE 7 protects against phishing scams through the Phishing Filter. It is designed to protect against phony Web sites that attempt to gather personal information about you when you are online. The tool requires little to no configuration. Once it is enabled through the Internet Properties window, it will run in the background without your intervention.

Windows Firewall
The Windows Firewall is a crucial component of your defense strategy. This is becoming more and more important as people store personal information on their computers such as bank account numbers, credit card data, tax information, and so on.

By implementing a firewall, you can close the door to your local computer and private network so intruders cannot get in, but you can still get out. The Windows Firewall with Advanced Security allows you to filter both inbound and outbound traffic.

In Vista, the firewall is now more advanced because it lets you create and apply specialized rules depending on the type of network you are connected to. Windows Firewall with Advanced Security supports three different profiles that are based on three common environments: Domain, Public and Private. The profile that you apply will be based on the network you are connected to. If you connect your computer directly to a Public network such as the Internet, the Public profile should be applied.

Windows Security Center
The Windows Security Center should be your first stop in checking your defense against malware. The Security Center provides a quick way of checking the status of various security options and all the pertinent security settings used to protect your computer against malware are available from this interface.

Saving searches in Vista

Question:  I like Vista's new search feature. It makes things on my computer so easy to find. I've heard that you can save your searches. But I don't understand how you do this. Can you help me out?

Answer:  Instant Search is one of my favorite new features in Vista. You're right -- it makes finding things a snap.

For those who aren't familiar with Instant Search, let me explain. You'll find it at the bottom of the Start menu.

Instant Search will search your e-mail, documents and Internet history. It will even find programs for you! This is surprisingly convenient if you have many programs cluttering your Start menu.

It's true that you can save your searches. But you'll have to do so from Windows Explorer or the new Search Explorer. And before you save them, you have to create them. So, let's start there.

Go to either Windows Explorer (Start>>All Programs>>Accessories>> Windows Explorer) or Search Explorer. To open Search Explorer, click Start. Type "search" (minus the quotes) in the Instant Search box. On the results list, click Start Search.

In either window, enter your search term in the Search box. The results are updated as you type. Included in the menu bar is a Save Search button.

Instant Search includes advanced options. But it is a bit clunky. The advanced options are pretty well hidden.

To find them, click Search Tools>>Search Pane. This opens another menu bar. Options there allow you to limit your search to a few types of files. There's also a link for Advanced Search. Click it.

The pane expands to provide more options. You can limit search results to specific folders or a range of dates. Also, you can search tags you've added to your music and photos, among other search options.

You probably will want to apply advanced search options before saving a search. Otherwise, you'll have too much stuff in the results.

So, let's save the search, already! Click Save Search on the toolbar. Enter a name for your search. You can also use the navigational tools to select your save location. By default, Vista stores it in a special search folder. Click Save.

You can update the search results whenever you like. Double-click it to run it again.

By default, Vista saves searches to the Searches folder. You can save it elsewhere (the desktop or Documents, for instance) if you like. I'll assume you're saving it in the Searches folder.

To find your search, click Start and enter the name of the search in Instant Search. If you can't remember the name of the search, go to Windows Explorer. The Searches folder is listed in the left pane. Click it. The list of searches will appear in the right pane.

Instant Search is included with all versions of Vista. But other features are specific to certain versions. To learn more about what's in each edition of Vista, visit my site.

Coming up in Monday's Tip: Photographing documents.

Sites like Wikipedia and MySpace are popular because anybody can contribute. But do they pose dangers? Tune in to this weekend's Kim Komando Show. I'll give you the lowdown on these open-door sites. Visit my site to find out how you can listen to my three-hour radio show or my Digital Minute, which airs Monday through Friday.

Would you like to learn more about Windows Vista? Visit the Windows Vista tips section on my site.

Kim :)

Check Boxes For Files

When you need to perform an action to multiple files, you can hold down the CTRL key and select the each individual file. An alternate method, if the files are in consecutive order, is to select the first file, hold down the SHIFT key and select the last file. Sounds easy enough? If you goof up though, you need to start all over.

Windows Vista makes it much easier to select multiple files because it lets you place check boxes next to files. To enable this feature, open Windows Explorer and select Folder Options from the Tools menu (If you do not see the Tools menu, press the ALT key). From the Folder Options window, select the View tab. Under the Advanced Settings, scroll down to the bottom of the list and select the Use Check Boxes To Select Items option. Click OK.

So how does this feature work? When you hold your mouse pointer over the files in Windows Explorer, a check box will momentarily appear. When you click a check box, it will remain beside the file indicating that it is selected.

Q:
I've been using Internet Explorer 7 for quite some time now and I think I'm getting pretty good at working my way through it. So, I was wondering if there were any keyboard shortcuts you knew about that I could start using? I'm ready to make my IE 7 time even easier!

A:
That's the perfect attitude to have! Yes, it's hard to get used to new things (Web browsers, operating systems, etc.), but if you have a positive outlook on them, they can be pretty easy. I would guess that the person who asked this question downloaded the new Internet Explorer 7 when it first came out and just worked at learning it. Eventually, as you all can see, they were able to get a pretty good handle on it and now they're looking for more. I love it!

Well, either way you look at it, if you're in the search for some IE 7 keyboard shortcuts, you've all come to the right place. I've been keeping a few up my sleeve just for this special occasion! So, shall we take a look at them? I thought you might enjoy that. Here we go!

Now, most of these shortcuts deal with using tabbed browsing. That's one of the main features that came along with Internet Explorer 7. If you're not too familiar with tabbed browsing, these shortcuts may not be very useful to you, but I would suggest hanging on to this tip anyway. Once you do get the hang of tabbed browsing, you can refer back to it and you'll be all set!

1.) Ctrl + T - Opens a new tab in the foreground.

2.) Ctrl + Click - Opens links in a new tab in the background.

3.) Ctrl + Shift + Click - Opens links in a new tab in the foreground.

4.) Alt + Enter - Opens a new tab from the address bar.

5.) Alt + Enter - It also opens a new tab from the search box.

6.) Ctrl + Q - Opens up quick tabs, which are thumbnail views.

7.) Ctrl + Tab or Ctrl + Shift + Tab - Allows you to switch between tabs.

8.) Ctrl + N - Switches to a specific tab number. In this case, N can equal anything between the numbers one and eight.

9.) Ctrl + 9 - Switches to the last tab.

10.) Ctrl + W - Closes the current tab.

11.) Ctrl + Alt + F4 - Closes other open tabs.

12.) Alt + F4 - Closes all the tabs.

Now, here are a few mouse shortcuts for you as well.

1.) Click the middle mouse button (if your mouse has one) on a link and it will open up that link in a background tab for you.

2.) Double click any empty space right next to the last tab you have open and it will open up a brand new tab.

3.) If you click on the middle mouse button on one of your tabs, it will close the tab for you.

How does all that sound? Pretty cool, huh?! Now, you might want to start memorizing these shortcuts if you think you'll use them a lot. Or, just print them out so you can have them right by your computer when you're ready to use them. Either way, these simple shortcuts can make your IE 7 experience so much easier!

~ Erin

Malware Protection In Internet Explorer 7 (Part I)

Malware is any program or file that is intended to be harmful to your computer. Microsoft has become more dedicated in protecting computers against malware attacks as in evident in the release of Windows Vista

Windows Vista includes several technologies, that when used together, enhance protection against various forms of malware. These technologies include:

  • User Account Control
  • Windows Defender
  • Malicious Software Removal Tool
  • IE 7 security options
  • Windows Firewall
  • Security Center

User Account Control
User Account Control (UAC) is the feature that enables Vista to be able to run more reliably without giving the user local admin rights to the system. This does result in some additional dialog boxes and warnings that pop up for users but in the end can reduce the damage that malware can do to a computer.

User Account Control is enabled by default in Windows Vista. Microsoft recommends leaving it enabled to protect against the installation of malicious software. The Security Center will indicate whether UAC is turned on.

Further to enabling/disabling this feature, you can control the behavior of UAC through the local computer policy. Open the Local Computer Policy and navigate to the following locations: Local Computer Policy\Computer Configuration\Windows Settings\Security Settings\Local Policies\Security Options.

The following policy settings are available:

  • User Account Control: Admin Approval Mode for the Built-in Administrator Account - The default value for the UAC policy setting is Disabled for new installations and upgrades when the built-in Administrator is not the only active local administrator account on the computer.
  • User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for administrators in Admin Approval Mode - This security setting determines the type of prompt an admin-level user will receive when they attempt to perform an admin-level task. The default value is Prompt for Consent. You can increase security by setting the value to Prompt for Credentials. Doing so means the admin-level user will need to enter their admin-level username and password.
  • User Account Control: Behavior of the elevation prompt for standard users - This security setting determines the type of prompt a standard user will receive when they attempt to perform an admin-level task. The default value is Prompt for Credentials. You can increase security by setting the value to Automatically deny elevation requests. Standard users will then have to perform admin-level tasks using the Run command or by logging in with an admin-level account.

Malware Protection In Internet Explorer 7 (Part II)

Another malware protection technology in Vista is the Windows Defender. Windows Defender is a spyware scanning application that looks for potential threats, shuts them down and alerts you when applications engage in suspicious activities.

Windows Defender is configured (through the Security Center) to scan your computer every day at 2:00 AM. This schedule should be changed if the scan can not be performed at this time. You should also enable the Check for updated definitions before scanning option. This is your best bet for ensuring the software is up-to-date with the latest definitions. Otherwise you must be diligent enough to manually check for updates on a regular basis.

Note: Windows Defender should be used in conjunction with third party anti-virus software.

There are several settings within the Local Computer Policy for controlling how Windows Defender behaves. The settings you configure will be specific to the requirements of your computing environment.

For example, if WSUS is used to deploy updates to Windows Defender, you should consider enabling the Turn on definition updates through both WSUS and Windows Update. In the event that the WSUS server in your environment is unavailable, Vista will use Windows Update to check for new definitions.

Malicious Software Removal Tool
Even with the appropriate security measures in place, there is still the risk that an instance of malware can go undetected by your anti-virus software or even disable it. The Malicious Software Removal Tool is designed for such situations. When the tool is run, it detects and removes any malicious software it finds on your computer.

Although the tool is not necessary if you are running up-to-date anti-virus software, it does provide another layer of protection.The tool is installed with Windows Vista and is available as a free download for Windows XP. You can locate the tool by typing mrt.exe in the Search field on the Start menu.

When the tool is run, you can choose the type of scan to perform. As you can see from the exhibit, you can perform a Quick, Full or Custom scan. If you choose a Quick scan, the Malicious Software Removal Tool will scan the areas of a computer that are likely to contain malicious software. With a Full scan, the entire system is checked for malware. You should perform a Full scan every once in a while but be advised that it can take up to a few hours depending on your system.

Finally, you can opt to perform a Custom scan and choose the folders or areas of your computer that you want the Malicious Software Removal Tool to scan. The results of the scan will indicate whether any malicious software was found on your computer.

Malware Protection In Internet Explorer 7 (Part II)

Another malware protection technology in Vista is the Windows Defender. Windows Defender is a spyware scanning application that looks for potential threats, shuts them down and alerts you when applications engage in suspicious activities.

Windows Defender is configured (through the Security Center) to scan your computer every day at 2:00 AM. This schedule should be changed if the scan can not be performed at this time. You should also enable the Check for updated definitions before scanning option. This is your best bet for ensuring the software is up-to-date with the latest definitions. Otherwise you must be diligent enough to manually check for updates on a regular basis.

Note: Windows Defender should be used in conjunction with third party anti-virus software.

There are several settings within the Local Computer Policy for controlling how Windows Defender behaves. The settings you configure will be specific to the requirements of your computing environment.

For example, if WSUS is used to deploy updates to Windows Defender, you should consider enabling the Turn on definition updates through both WSUS and Windows Update. In the event that the WSUS server in your environment is unavailable, Vista will use Windows Update to check for new definitions.

Malicious Software Removal Tool
Even with the appropriate security measures in place, there is still the risk that an instance of malware can go undetected by your anti-virus software or even disable it. The Malicious Software Removal Tool is designed for such situations. When the tool is run, it detects and removes any malicious software it finds on your computer.

Although the tool is not necessary if you are running up-to-date anti-virus software, it does provide another layer of protection.The tool is installed with Windows Vista and is available as a free download for Windows XP. You can locate the tool by typing mrt.exe in the Search field on the Start menu.

When the tool is run, you can choose the type of scan to perform. As you can see from the exhibit, you can perform a Quick, Full or Custom scan. If you choose a Quick scan, the Malicious Software Removal Tool will scan the areas of a computer that are likely to contain malicious software. With a Full scan, the entire system is checked for malware. You should perform a Full scan every once in a while but be advised that it can take up to a few hours depending on your system.

Finally, you can opt to perform a Custom scan and choose the folders or areas of your computer that you want the Malicious Software Removal Tool to scan. The results of the scan will indicate whether any malicious software was found on your computer.

Malware Protection In Internet Explorer 7 (Part III)

Internet Explorer has its own set of security options that can be used in conjunction with the other technologies discussed to protect your computer. IE7 in Vista now operates in a quarantined corner of the OS, where it can no longer allow spyware, adware, and various malware threats to have an open door into the throne room.

From the Security tab, you can enable Protected Mode. This feature prevents malicious users from changing any files or settings without your explicit permission. It is enabled by default for all security zones, except the Trusted Site zone.

Phishing Filter
IE 7 protects against phishing scams through the Phishing Filter. It is designed to protect against phony Web sites that attempt to gather personal information about you when you are online.

The tool requires little to no configuration. Once it is enabled through the Internet Properties window, it will run in the background without your intervention.

Windows Firewall
The Windows Firewall is a crucial component of your defense strategy. This is becoming more and more important as people store personal information on their computers such as bank account numbers, credit card data, tax information, and so on.

By implementing a firewall, you can close the door to your local computer and private network so intruders can not get in, but you can still get out. The Windows Firewall with Advanced Security allows you to filter both inbound and outbound traffic.

In Windows Vista, the firewall is now more advanced because it lets you create and apply specialized rules depending on the type of network you are connected to. The Windows Firewall with Advanced Security supports three different profiles that are based on three common environments: Domain, Public and Private.

The profile that you apply will be based on the network you are connected to. If you connect your computer directly to a Public network such as the Internet, the Public profile should be applied.

Security Center
Finally, the Windows Security Center should be your first stop in checking your defense against malware. The Security Center provides a quick way of checking the status of various security options and all the pertinent security settings used to protect your computer against malware are available from this interface.

Does Vista really need 4GB of RAM?

Reader Paul was alarmed at what he recently read in a computer magazine:

§                         "What do you think of this Computerworld article? Is 4GB RAM what Vista really needs?"

There's some controversy about just how much RAM Vista needs. As has been the case with all versions of Windows back to at least Win98, Microsoft's "minimum" recommendations should really be called "life-support" standards - the least amount of PC hardware required to get the operating system barely alive and functioning.

For Vista, Microsoft says you need at least an 800MHz processor, 512 MB of RAM, and a graphics processor that's at least DirectX 9 compatible. Vista will indeed run on such a system, but you won't enjoy the experience. You'll also lose key features of Vista, such as the new interface.

Microsoft's "recommended" standard - including a 1GHz CPU, 1GB of RAM, a graphics card with at least 128 MB of video RAM, a WDDM driver, and 32 bits/pixel output - is a more realistic minimum for real-life use, where you'd actually be trying to be productive with Vista. A system like this should allow all the key components of Vista to load and run. But even then, a "recommended" hardware standard is not the same as an "optimal" setup.

Many pundits recommend at least 2GB of RAM, which was a sweet spot for XP. Vista is larger and more complex than XP, so it will not run as well on 2GB as XP does. Nevertheless, many users will find Vista's performance perfectly acceptable in this range.

That's where the 4GB recommendations come in. All the 32-bit versions of Vista can handle up to 4GB of RAM (the 64-bit versions can handle more). So, the reasoning goes, you might as well throw in as much RAM as Vista will allow. That way, you'll have access to all of the new operating system's features with no performance loss compared to XP.

So, does Vista really need 4GB? No. Vista will run in a limited way with as little as 512MB. It will run passingly with 1GB, and fairly well with 2GB. But, if you're looking to get as much out of Vista as it has to offer, then yes, you need 4GB of RAM.

Scan Dog II

After my Scan Dog article ran in Windows Fanatics, I heard from some of you out there that were in the same boat as I was and had older Epson scanners that did not, and would NEVER have, drivers to use the scanner while using Windows Vista as the operating system. One comment that could potentially help many of you out there was sent to me by Lockergnome reader Doug McRae (Mac). He spoke to Epson and sent me the following:

I downloaded the XP driver to my desktop in Vista and followed the directions from Epson (I'll copy and paste the directions below my sig). It did error during the install, but Vista popped up a window about did I want to install in compatibility mode, and I clicked "yes," and away it went. Vista warned me about the unsigned driver and I told it to go ahead anyway. After rebooting, I turned on the scanner and Vista told me it had found new hardware - an Epson Perfection 1200U Scanner - and proceeded to install the hardware. I opened the Vista Fax & Scan program (I have Vista Business Edition), put a document on the flatbed of the scanner, pressed the Scan button, and it scanned perfectly. I haven't tried scanning any pictures, but I assume that if it will scan a doc properly, it should also handle pictures.

Hope this helps you get your older scanner working in Vista!

Mac

From Epson tech support:

  1. Go to Epson and click CANADA AND UNITED STATES
  2. Click on DRIVER AND FILE DOWNLOADS.
  3. Select your product type (ie: ALL IN ONE OR INKJET)
  4. Select your product from the list.
  5. Select the most current version of the driver for your operating system.
  6. Respond to the Download Survey and click SUBMIT.
  7. Click ACCEPT on the END USER SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT.
  8. Make a note of the file name and save the downloaded file to DESKTOP in order to easily retrieve it.

Once you have the file on your desktop right click it and select properties, select COMPATIBILITY then check the run this program in compatibility mode for. Now select Windows XP SP2. Select APPLY then OK.

Locate and double click on the downloaded driver installation file. If at any point in the installation you see a screen that says User Account Control select CONTINUE.

  1. Click on OK at the first WinZip screen.
  2. Click on UNZIP at the second WinZip screen.
  3. Click on OK when WinZip is finished extracting files.
  4. At the SCANNER SETUP screen, click on OK.
  5. The installer will now copy files to the computer. When this step is complete, it will tell you to attach the cable and power on the scanner. Please connect the USB cable and turn on the scanner.
  6. The computer will install the new hardware.
  7. Click on OK when the driver installation is completed.

Other options suggested were VMware and a product called Vue Scan. Of course there is always the option of purchasing a new scanner...

Thanks to everyone who responded.

Share a printer or files in Vista

We have a Windows Vista laptop and a Vista desktop. How do we share files, printers, etc. over our network? I read your tip online, but it is for XP. Will it work for Vista?

Windows XP definitely makes networking easier than earlier versions of Windows. Although XP's sharing is simplified, it still isn't quite intuitive. I detailed steps for XP network shares in a previous tip.

Like XP, Windows Vista makes networking easier than its predecessors. However, that means the steps for setting up network shares are a bit different.

Share a folder

In Vista, right-click the folder that you want to share. Then select Share from the menu that pops up. You'll be prompted to specify the computer with which you want to share. Click the arrow in the upper box to see a list of computers on your network. After you've selected one, click the Add button.

The computers that have access to the folder are listed in the lower box. Under Permission Level, you can set permissions for specific computers. Click the arrow on a computer's listing to change that computer's permissions.

Permission options include Reader, Contributor and Co-owner. A Reader can open the folder's files, but cannot edit them or add new files. A Contributor can open files and add new files to the folder. A Co-owner gets the additional privilege of editing the files.

Share a printer

If one of your networked computers has a printer, you can share the printer. Start with the computer that's directly connected to the printer. Click Start>>Control Panel. Click Network and Internet. Then click Network and Sharing Center.

In the lower half of the window is a "Printer sharing" listing. Click the arrow to the right of the listing. Select "Turn on printer sharing." Then click the Apply button. If Windows prompts you for confirmation, just click Continue or Allow.

That's it for the PC connected to the printer. However, you must prepare your other computers to use the shared printer. Do the following at each of your other networked computers.

Click Start>>Control Panel. Click Hardware and Sound. Under Printers, click "Add a printer." Then select "Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer."

Windows will list printers available on your network. It may take a minute or two for your shared printer to appear. To show in the list, your shared printer should be powered on. Likewise, its directly connected computer should be on.

Select the shared printer and click Next. Windows will alert you if you need a driver for the printer. If Windows can't install the driver automatically, you may have to do so yourself. Use the printer's install disc if you have it. Otherwise, check the printer manufacturer's Web site for the driver.

If you're using XP computers, set them up using the steps from my XP sharing tip. With multiple computer connections, your printer may be used more often. Check out my tip on saving money with ink cartridge refills.

Coming up in Monday's Tip: Cellular Internet for your laptop.

Most people search the Web for entertainment and information. But did you know Web sites are collecting information on you? On this weekend's Kim Komando Show, I'll tell you what the data sites retrieve from you. Visit my site to find out how you can listen to my three-hour radio show or my Digital Minute, which airs Monday through Friday.

Be sure to check out all my useful tips for Windows Vista. I'm constantly adding new information to help make the transition easier.

Kim :)

Q:
You mentioned Vista Mail in one of your tips the other day, but you didn't go into too much detail about it. Is it different than XP's mail? If so, how? Please explain!

A:
It's a little funny that you ask this, because our other mentioning of Vista Mail was in reference to a security issue that may be on the rise with the new operating system's mail client. Well, I want to clear things up once and for all today, because Vista Mail really isn't all that bad. And if you're just new to Vista, you'll definitely want to check it out!

In the last few minutes, I have been racking my brain, trying to think of the best way to present this new e-mail program to you all. The most useful thing I came up with is to just show you how to set up your Vista Mail account to get it going so you can actually start to use it for all your e-mail needs. I have a feeling that some of you have probably been looking around on your new Vista computer for Outlook Express. Well, you're not going to find that, but do look for something called Windows Mail. That is what Vista calls its new e-mail program.

To get there, go to Start and click on Windows Mail. Now, if you have not set up your account yet, you will see a wizard pop up that will take you through all the steps. Here they are in a nutshell.

1.) Type in your name (or at least the name you want all of your receivers to see when you send them mail). Click Next when you've decided.

2.) Enter in your e-mail address. This can be the same one you've used for years or if you'd like to create a new one (in Yahoo!, Hotmail, etc.), you can do so. Click Next again when you're done.

3.) The next step asks you for your Incoming and Outgoing names. This is actually information that you will need to get from your ISP. If you used Outlook Express on your other computer, you can use the same information, but if you don't remember it, contact your ISP to get it. That's the only way you'll get past this part of the setup. Click Next when you're finished.

4.) Next, you'll need to choose a username and password for your e-mail account. At this stage, you can click the "Remember" checkbox, so you won't have to type it in each time you open your Windows Mail. Then click Next.

5.) If you're all set, you can click the Finish button and your account will automatically be set up.

Yep, it's as easy as that! A little less confusing than setting up an Outlook Express account, but it still asks for all the important information needed. So, once you have your account all ready, you can start to look through it and figure out how to use it. But, don't worry too much, because it's very similar to OE, version 6. So, if you used that before, you should be just fine.

The first thing I noticed with Windows Mail was that the views were pretty much the same. There's the box on the top and the box on the bottom. The top shows your received e-mails in a list and the bottom shows the actual e-mail content. I also noticed that the folders on the left hand side were exactly the same, including Inbox, Outbox, Sent Items, Deleted Items, Drafts and Junk E-mail. The menus along the top were fairly similar as well. I'm sure you'll see that they are no longer icon type buttons, but a bit of a smaller version. You'll see Create Mail, Reply, Reply All, Forward and Send/Receive. All of those work just like OE.

A couple things that were different are the Print and Delete buttons. In Windows Mail, the print button is an actual icon of a printer and the delete button is just a big red X. You just have to click on those to print or delete your e-mails. I guess they weren't good enough to get their own buttons this time around. : ) After those, there is a series of new icons. If you hover your mouse over them, you'll see that one is Contacts, the second is Windows Calendar and the third is Find.

With Contacts, you can click on that to add people to your address book. It's a very convenient way of accessing the e-mail addresses and names you need. Just a quick click and there they are. The Windows Calendar is another very cool feature. Click on that button and a calendar will pop up for you. You can go from month to month, making notes of your appointments, etc. It's very easy to use and great for keeping track of your daily activities. The Find button is where you can either search for a particular message, a certain person or for text in a certain message. That way, if you lose an e-mail, you can search by any of these items to retrieve it much faster.

There is also a Search box at the top of the window and you can use that to search for e-mail messages as well. Just type in a few keywords that you know were used in the e-mail you're looking for and it should come right up in the window for you. It's as easy as pie!

Everything else with Windows Mail is pretty much the same as what you're probably used to. The menus along the very top are the same, including File, Edit, View, etc. You can still access your preferences through the Tools, Options menu as well. All of those tabs are the same too, so you can set up your account just the way you want it. Windows Mail does have some new stationery options to choose from. You can get those by going under the Message menu. My favorite is the green bubbles choice. It gives the e-mails I send out some real jazz!

So, as you can see, everything is still pretty much the same as Outlook Express 6, but be sure to browse through Windows Mail and familiarize yourself with everything. I'm sure a lot of you will get the hang of things right away, but at least you now have a small guide to go by for now. And you know, there's always the Help menu if you need extra help. Now, go on and enjoy your new Vista e-mail program. Yes, yes, yes!

~ Erin

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Securely Using Hot Spots

A lot of service oriented businesses provide Internet access via free public wireless networks. From airports to fast food chains, these access points or "hot spots" as they are called, are even being implemented in government buildings, such as libraries. This can be a real convenience to people on the go, someone waiting for a flight or even for someone who is out of town that may need to get online with a good connection speed and not tie up their cell phone.

The ability to get online at one of these locations is just another exciting step toward technological advancement, but what are the security risks? I mean, especially when these networks are set up with ease of use, not security, in mind. With the use of software called "packet sniffers," people can grab non-encrypted data right out of the air and save it to a log to view whenever they want.

So, what does this mean? Well, let's say you're out of town and while you're at the airport, you check on your Ebay bid or you log on to your bank's Web site to look at your account. When you're done, you shut down your PC and grab your connecting flight, unaware that there was someone within the network's signal strength with a packet sniffer. If this is the case, he/she has just logged a bunch of your personal information, including your usernames and passwords. And this is just one scenario. If you don't have your PC set up properly, a hacker could possibly get right into your PC, look at your files and change your settings. It's much too easy.

Needless to say, there is some concern when it comes to connecting to a public network. This does not mean, however, that all of these hot spots are vulnerable to this level. Some facilities actually do provide some defensive measures, such as air monitors, to spot unusual activity on their network. I recommend being pro-active in your security and these following recommendations are a great start:

1.) Turn off the ad-hoc mode on your network card (allows peer-to-peer connection).

2.) If you're not online, disable your network card.

3.) Make sure you have a firewall in place and running.

4.) If you are viewing e-mail, you might want to use digital signatures to authenticate and identify yourself.

5.) I would suggest not using your credit card at one of these locations, but if you have to, make sure you're on a secure connection.

6.) And of course, it wouldn't be a security article if I didn't say, "Make sure your system is up to date."

So, make sure to have your system set up to utilize the practices above and be cautious, because the truth of the matter is, anyone around you could be attempting to hack into your machine or grab your transmissions at any time.

Stay safe out there!

~ Chad

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Vista Compatible: Yes or No?

Are you one of the many who have made the switch over to the new operating system of Windows Vista? If so, are you having some trouble finding programs and other applications that will work on your new computer? I know a lot of computer companies (including us here at WorldStart) are working very hard to test their products for Vista compatibility, but with there being so many, it's a little difficult to keep up. So, what can we all do in the meantime?

Well, lucky for all of us, Microsoft has compiled a list of all the applications that have earned either the "Certified for Windows Vista" or "Works with Windows Vista" logo. So, if you have bought a piece of software recently and you see either of those logos printed on it, that means it will work successfully with Vista. But if you are questioning the software you had before you upgraded to Vista, Microsoft's list may help you out tremendously.

The list is laid out into three columns: Company, Product Name and Version. The number of programs on the list have gone up from approximately 104 in February 2007 to over 250 now in May 2007. If you want to check the list out for yourself, just click here. If you scroll past the introduction, you'll see the list toward the bottom of the page. You can just take your time and browse through the program names and who knows, maybe you'll find exactly what you've been waiting for. Check it out today!

~ Erin

Two New Vista Tips

I thought I'd give you a double dose of Windows Vista tips today. I hope you don't mind too much. Keep reading for all the Vista action fun!

1.) Using Smaller Start Menu Icons

The new operating system of Windows Vista uses large icons by default in the Start menu. But what if you don't like them that way? Is there a way to change them to a smaller size? Of course there is! And even though Vista does a good job of hiding the setting for this pretty well, we can still locate it!

Right click on the Start button and select Properties.

Then click the Customize button.


Now, scroll down all the way to the bottom. You should see a checkbox for Use Large Icons. Go ahead and uncheck that.


Ah, that's much better, don't you think?!

If you thought that Vista tip was great, make sure you keep reading for the next one. Here we go!

2.) Vista Power Buttons

The default action for the power button on the Start menu in Windows Vista is actually set to Sleep. Now, this isn't necessarily useful for everybody. You can configure this setting easily by using the advanced power settings panel, but it's a little tricky to get to. So, what will we do? Well, we'll take a shortcut, of course!

Open a command prompt (type "cmd" into the search bar under the Start menu) and then type in the following information, exactly as you see it: powercfg.cpl,1

Now, you could also take the long route (Control Panel, Power Options, Change Plan Settings, Change Advanced Power Settings), but that's up to you.

Once you get to this dialogue box, navigate down, as shown to "Power buttons and lid."

From here, you can change the options:

  • Power button action - Changes the hardware power button action.
  • Start menu power button - Changes the power button on the Start menu.

You can change the power button to either Sleep, Hibernate or Shut Down (or even nothing at all). It's your choice!

Hope you enjoyed these quick little tips that will help optimize your Vista computer to be its best!

~ Ramachandran Kumaraswami

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Run With Vista

Have you made the switch to the new operating system of Windows Vista yet? If you have, are you getting a little frustrated with being away from everything you knew in XP? I mean, going from XP to Vista is an extreme change and it can be very difficult getting used to all the new features. I know I felt that way when I first started working with Vista. I was so used to XP and I just felt like the two operating systems were like day and night.

But, if you look past all that confusion, you'll find that there are a few things you can do with Vista to bring back the comfort of XP. (I'm not even kidding!) And as a matter of fact, I'm going to tell you how to do one of those right now. In Windows XP, a function I always use a lot is the Run command. It's just an easy feature to work with and it gets me where I need to go. Now, as I'm sure you've noticed, Vista doesn't offer the Run command. Or does it?!

To get the Run option back for yourself, right click on the Start button in Vista and choose Properties. Make sure you're under the Start Menu tab and then click the Customize button. Scroll down near the bottom of that list and checkmark the box that says "Run command." Once you've done that, click OK. In the next window, click Apply, then OK again. Now, go and click your Start button. What do you see? Yep, the Run command is back and ready for some action. Yes!

~ Erin

Run With Vista

Have you made the switch to the new operating system of Windows Vista yet? If you have, are you getting a little frustrated with being away from everything you knew in XP? I mean, going from XP to Vista is an extreme change and it can be very difficult getting used to all the new features. I know I felt that way when I first started working with Vista. I was so used to XP and I just felt like the two operating systems were like day and night.

But, if you look past all that confusion, you'll find that there are a few things you can do with Vista to bring back the comfort of XP. (I'm not even kidding!) And as a matter of fact, I'm going to tell you how to do one of those right now. In Windows XP, a function I always use a lot is the Run command. It's just an easy feature to work with and it gets me where I need to go. Now, as I'm sure you've noticed, Vista doesn't offer the Run command. Or does it?!

To get the Run option back for yourself, right click on the Start button in Vista and choose Properties. Make sure you're under the Start Menu tab and then click the Customize button. Scroll down near the bottom of that list and checkmark the box that says "Run command." Once you've done that, click OK. In the next window, click Apply, then OK again. Now, go and click your Start button. What do you see? Yep, the Run command is back and ready for some action. Yes!

~ Erin

I know it is a lot, but hopefully you found something here that was useful to you. 

More Next Friday,
Chuckstr
----My Web Site----

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